Society / May 29, 2024

Counting the Negro League Records Is About More Than Numbers

One player in particular is laying waste to the Major League record book: Josh Gibson.

Dave Zirin
Josh Gibson slides into home plate

Negro Leagues superstar Josh Gibson creates a cloud of dust as he slides into home plate during the fourth inning of a 1944 game in Chicago.

(Bettmann via Getty)

In 1962, legendary South African activist Dennis Brutus helped launch the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SAN-ROC). One of its aims was to relentlessly point out the hypocrisy of apartheid officials speaking about “South African” sporting records when the only marks being counted and feted were those by white athletes. Government forces jailed, tortured, and exiled SAN-ROC members for speaking this truth. But they could not be crushed and kept organizing international sports boycotts until the fall of apartheid. It has taken until 2024 for Major League Baseball to achieve what South Africa did in the early 1990s.

At long last, the records set in the Negro Leagues prior to 1948 will be integrated into the official MLB ledgers. No longer will the incredible baseball feats of the Negro Leagues be relegated to a separate and unequal category. No longer will the accomplishments of legendary players like Leroy “Satchel” Paige, Oscar Charleston, and James “Cool Papa” Bell be dusted off only during Major League Baseball’s thin-gruel salutes to Black History Month.

It has taken a shockingly long time for MLB to arrive at this point—a delay that falsely gives the impression that competition in the Negro Leagues was somehow below that of the Major League. But thanks to the tireless work of historians, activists, and organizations like the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum in Kansas City, the MLB has finally entered the mid-20th century.

One player in particular is laying waste to the baseball record book: Josh Gibson. No longer is baseball’s all-time leader in batting average Ty Cobb and his mark of .367. It’s now Gibson, who in his remarkable career hit .372. No longer is the single-season record for batting average held by Rogers Hornsby and his .424. It’s now Gibson and his staggering .466. The Pittsburgh Crawfords and Homestead Grays catcher now is also the all-time leader in career slugging percentage (over Babe Ruth) and slugging in a single season (over Barry Bonds). That Gibson was able to accomplish these hitting feats as a catcher—a position that wears down great hitters with the stress it puts on the knees and back—makes his prowess even more remarkable. What would Gibson have batted as a designated hitter if such a position had existed in yesteryear? It boggles the mind.

In announcing this long-overdue move, Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred said, “We are proud that the official historical record now includes the players of the Negro Leagues. This initiative is focused on ensuring that future generations of fans have access to the statistics and milestones of all those who made the Negro Leagues possible. Their accomplishments on the field will be a gateway to broader learning about this triumph in American history and the path that led to Jackie Robinson’s 1947 Dodger debut.”

Manfred did not add that the debut of Robinson was also the first step toward MLB’s destruction of the Negro Leagues, strip-mined for talent. Teams were left without their main attractions, like young hitters Willie Mays and Henry Aaron. Crowds dwindled. And just like that, the grand possibility that entire Negro League teams could be integrated into Major League Baseball, including Black ownership, Black management, and Black laborers, was dashed. To this day, there has never been a Black team owner in Major League Baseball, and the paucity of Black front-office leaders and managers remains an embarrassment. How different the future may have looked if, on the eve of the civil rights movement, a group of Black executives were given a well-earned seat as part of the power structure in America’s pastime. Instead, Major League Baseball harpooned what could have been among the largest Black-owned businesses. Manfred shouldn’t skip over this part of baseball history.

If Dennis Brutus were still with us, the brilliant South African poet and sports activist would relish the thought of over 2,300 Black players getting their due in the official record books. He would see it as a great victory for everyone who would not let the Negro Leagues be erased. And in acknowledging the debt to those who kept the flame lit, he would insist we never forget an inequitable past that Major League Baseball first created and then—as flowers bloomed through the concrete—ruthlessly destroyed.

Dave Zirin

Dave Zirin is the sports editor at The Nation. He is the author of 11 books on the politics of sports. He is the author of a new book, The People's Historian: The Outsized Life of Howard Zinn.

More from The Nation

New York Knicks fans cheer in the second half of Game Six of the Eastern Conference Second Round NBA Playoffs against the Boston Celtics hosted by the Knicks outside of Madison Square Garden on May 16, 2025, in New York City.

Obviously, the Knicks Should Not Visit the White House. Why Is This Even a Discussion? Obviously, the Knicks Should Not Visit the White House. Why Is This Even a Discussion?

The Knicks shouldn’t let their legacy include genuflecting to Donald Trump, one of the most hated figures in the very city printed on their jersey. New Yorkers deserve better.

Dave Zirin

Gavin Bazunu during the Sky Bet Championship 2026–27 match between Norwich City and Bolton Wanderers on September 20, 2026, in Norwich, England.

Irish Goalkeeper Gavin Bazunu’s Refusal to Play Against Israel Puts Him on the Right Side of History Irish Goalkeeper Gavin Bazunu’s Refusal to Play Against Israel Puts Him on the Right Side of History

Bazunu’s decision raises the perennial question: Why is a country that is currently committing a genocide allowed to compete in the first place?

Jules Boykoff and Dave Zirin

A view of the US flag on the field during the national anthem before a game between the New York Giants and the Dallas Cowboys at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, on September 20, 2009.

America Without the NFL America Without the NFL

Chuck Klosterman’s Football is a eulogy for the sport on the eve of its decline.

Books & the Arts / Zito Madu

American rapper Macklemore performs live on stage during the Lollapalooza Paris Festival on July 19, 2025, in Paris, France.

Justice for Macklemore Justice for Macklemore

The rapper has been dumped from Ed Sheeran’s tour for saying “free Palestine.” That’s a disgrace.

Dave Zirin

We Can’t Let the Kaepernick Era Be Erased From History

We Can’t Let the Kaepernick Era Be Erased From History We Can’t Let the Kaepernick Era Be Erased From History

Critics say the Black Lives Matter movement in sports went too far. In reality, it didn’t go far enough, and the backlash to it has been brutal.

Dave Zirin

Eli Harold, Colin Kaepernick, and Eric Reid of the San Francisco 49ers kneel in protest during the anthem in October 2016 in New York.

Kaepernick and the Movement He Inspired Kaepernick and the Movement He Inspired

I once thought the protests of athletes after George Floyd’s murder would launch a new era of sports activism. Ten years after Kaepernick first kneeled, I revisit what I wrote.

Dave Zirin