In the mid-1980s, the people of Valerie Reyes-Jimenez’s Lower Manhattan neighborhood began to disappear. First one, then another, then tens—then 75 from one single block. “One day they were there,” she said, “and the next day they were gone.”

In the decades before these disappearances, Reyes-Jimenez’s neighborhood had been a tight-knit Puerto Rican community—a vibrant place where friends and family were always close at hand. But in the 1970s, as the local economy crumbled, a different one grew in its place—an economy centered around the city’s largest open-air heroin market—and, with that heroin, came this other thing, this illness, that began to steal people away.

“We said that people had The Monster, because they had that look,” Reyes-Jimenez said. “They had the sucked-in cheeks.… They were really thin.”

Outside Reyes-Jimenez’s neighborhood, doctors had a different name for what was going on: They called it HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. By this point, the illness that was destroying people’s immune systems was widely recognized as the biggest contagious threat facing the United States, but its effect on communities like Reyes-Jimenez’s—Black and Puerto Rican, poor, often in the grips of drug crises—remained largely invisible. It was a blind spot that would shape the course of the epidemic for years to come.

Why didn’t more people see this side of HIV and AIDS? And what might have been different if they had?

These are some of the questions at the heart of Blindspot: The Plague in the Shadows, a podcast I helped make alongside a dream team of journalists from WNYC, including Kai Wright, my former Nation colleague and the sublime host of Notes from America. Our collective hope was to understand how, decades before Covid-19, a virus had torn through some of this country’s most vulnerable communities while the wider world looked away.

What we found both devastated and inspired us. As we time-warped back to the 1980s, our reporting took us from a pediatric ward in Harlem to a maximum security women’s prison in upstate New York to a needle exchange in a South Bronx church to the city’s own potter’s field. And it revealed how, unseen but desperately feared, a single, tiny virus could take advantage of some of the worst bigotries, biases, and, yes, blindspots in our society. As Kai says in the first episode, “AIDS was not just a medical crisis; it was and it remains a social disease, one that exploits the inequities that already define so much of American life.”

And yet: Amid the grief and enduring pain, we also found something else—truly heroic human beings who had no intention of bowing to any of society’s bigotries and biases. These were activists and nurses, doctors and elected officials, daughters, sons, a nun, a priest, and a woman who literally helped change the definition of AIDS. When the world averted its eyes, they insisted on seeing the plague in the shadows—or, in the case of the many people who had been cast into the shadows with it, they demanded to be seen.

It’s now been more than 40 years since HIV/AIDS burst into public consciousness, scorching lives, neighborhoods, and whole communities. Some 40 million people have died around the world, and it’s still killing people today. It is both a prologue to the present and an unfinished story, but much of this country has moved past it, forgotten—or simply never gotten to know—an illness that redefined everything from love and intimacy to health, sexuality, solidarity, and activism.

With Blindspot: The Plague in the Shadows, we revisit the early days of this pandemic, and we ask: What might have happened if more people had chosen to see the plague in the shadows—if they chose to see it even now? And what lessons can we learn from it today?

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Blindspot: The Plague in the Shadows is a coproduction of the History Channel and WNYC Studios, with The Nation. Its first two episodes are “Mourning in America” and “If I Didn’t Have HIV, I Wouldn’t Have Met You.” You can find them at wnycstudios.org/podcasts/blindspot or wherever you get your podcasts.