Vatican City—Pope Francis confirmed his remarkable resilience on Palm Sunday with an extended in-person appearance, during which he greeted tens of thousands of worshipers in St. Peter’s Square. It was the latest signal that the 88-year-old pontiff is recovering from a brutal, months-long bout with double pneumonia, and that he will continue to be an essential moral voice for a world that desperately needs his advocacy for peace—especially in the Middle Eastern regions where Christianity, Judaism, and Islam find their historic roots.

This campaign has made Pope Francis arguably the most consistent high-profile defender of the humanity of the Palestinian people during a period when the Israeli assault on Gaza has been pursued with relentless violence. While too many other world leaders look away, or in the case of Donald Trump, propose to make an awful circumstance even worse, the pontiff has remained engaged on a daily basis with the plight of the Palestinians.

The pope said only a few words to the crowd that gathered at the Vatican last Sunday, a week before the Easter celebration that is a centerpiece of Catholic tradition and practice. “Good Palm Sunday, and a good Holy Week!” he announced, before offering individual greetings and prayers to gathered nuns, priests, and laypeople.

But statements issued by the Vatican on Sunday reinforced the steadiness of the pontiff’s commitment to the pursuit of peace in the world’s conflict zones.

“When we see the crowds of people forced by hatred and violence to walk the road to Calvary, let us recall that God has redeemed this road, walking it Himself, giving His life for us. Many Simons of Cyrene exist in our own day, bearing the cross of Christ on their shoulders!” read a homily that was prepared by the pope and that was read on his behalf by Cardinal Leonardo Sandri of Argentina, vice dean of the College of Cardinals, who presided over the Palm Sunday celebration of the Lord’s Passion in Saint Peter’s Square. An Angelus prayer prepared by Pope Francis for the same day made specific reference to “the martyred” innocents of Palestine, Ukraine, South Sudan, and other regions where violence flares.

This was in keeping with the long mission of Pope Francis, whose leadership of the Catholic Church over the past dozen years has challenged not just the church’s 1.4 billion faithful but public servants of all faith traditions to be “artisans of a new era of peace, justice and fraternity.”

With a boldness and specificity that has often sparked controversy, this pope has challenged economic injustice, racism, environmental neglect, militarism, and the abuses of new technologies that increase inequality. He has faced his share of criticism, not just from conservatives who disapprove of his views but also from reformers who sincerely wish that he would do more to modernize the church. Yet, in a time of too much indifference and impunity, this pope has remained uniquely engaged with the embattled regions that political and media elites neglect or abandon.

That’s been especially true when it comes to Gaza, where Pope Francis has long argued for ceasefires, arms blockades, aid convoys, and a diplomatic urgency that recognizes that Palestinians and Israelis are “fraternal peoples [who] have the right to live in peace.”

The pontiff has been consistently outspoken in decrying Israel’s ongoing military assault on Palestinian civilians, tens of thousands of whom have been killed since the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack. Responding last December to reports of the bombings of hospitals and schools, the mounting death toll, and the suffering in particular of Palestinian children, Pope Francis bluntly declared, “This is cruelty, this is not war.” Earlier in 2024, he wrote, “According to some experts, what is happening in Gaza has the characteristics of a genocide. It should be carefully investigated to determine whether it fits into the technical definition formulated by jurists and international bodies.”

In late March of this year, as he finished his long hospitalization, Pope Francis responded to the collapse of a shaky cease-fire in Gaza by stating: “I am saddened by the resumption of heavy Israeli bombing on the Gaza Strip, causing many deaths and injuries. I call for an immediate halt to the weapons; and for the courage to resume dialogue, so that all hostages may be released and a final ceasefire reached.”