Chapter 1

 
1. “Are We Training Cuban Guerrillas?”, November 19, 1960, p. 378

 

2. http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/americas/040761cuba-invasion.html (retrieved 11.14.14)

 

3. “The St. Domingo Row,” Nation 11 (Dec 29, 1870), p. 432.0), p. 432.

 

4. Karl Marx, “The Excitement in Ireland, New-York Daily Tribune, January 11, 1859:  http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1858/12/24.htm

 

5. William L. Armstrong, E.L. Godkin: A Biography, SUNY Press, 1978, p. 63.

 

6. Edwin Lawrence Godkin, The Gilded Age Letters of E.L. Godkin, edited by William L. Armstrong, SUNY Press, 1974, p. 25.

 

7. http://explorepahistory.com/displayimage.php?imgId=1-2-1E65

 

8. Armstrong, E.L. Godkin, p. 79

 

9. Godkin to C.E.Norton, April 13, 1865.

 

10. LINK to Prospectus.

 

11. “The Essence of The Reconstruction Question,” I (July 6, 1865): 4.

 

12. “The Great Festival,” I (July 6, 1865): 5

 

13. Calculations courtesy of http://www.measuringworth.com/

 

14. http://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-economics-of-the-civil-war/ (retrieved 11.21.14)

 

15. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/britains-colonial-shame-slaveowners-given-huge-payouts-after-abolition-8508358.html (retrieved 11.21.14)

 

16. Christopher Hayes, “The New Abolitionism,” (May 12, 2014): 12-18.

 

17. “The Eight-Hour Movement,” I (October 26, 1865): 517

 

18. I.F. Stone, “Free Inquiry and Free Endeavor,” February 10, 1940, pp. 158-161.

 

19. Godkin to Edward Atkinson, July 17, 1865.

 

20. “The Power of Congress to Enforce Equal Suffrage,” II (April 26, 1866), 518-519; “The Disfranchising Power,” I (July 13, 1865): 39-40.

 

21. “The Political Sense at the South,” VII (September 10, 1868), 205

 

22. “Southern Policy,” I (October 26, 1865), 516

 

23. “Is The President Mistaken?” I (December 28,  1865), 806 and “Southern Indiscretion” I (November 23, 1865), 647.

 

24. I (August 24, 1865), 229.

 

25. “Andrew Johnson on Civil Rights,” II (April 5, 1866) p. 422.

 

26. IV (June 20, 1867), 497

 

27. II, (February 8, 1866), 166

 

28. “The Disenfranchising Power,” I (July 13, 1865), 39-40.

 

29. Godkin to C.E. Norton, July 18, 1865.

 

30. Godkin, The Gilded Age Letters, p. 128; Charles E. Heller, Portrait of an Abolitionist: A Biography of George Luther Stearns, 1809-1867, Greenwood: 1996, p. 198.

 

31. Godkin to Norton, December 28, 1865.

Chapter 2

 
1. II (January 4, 1866): 1.

 

2. “Utilization of the Sun’s Heat,” II (May 29, 1866): 676.

 

3. “Republics and Equality,” I (July 27, 1865): 101.

 

4. IV (1867): 394.

 

5. “The National Highways,” I (October 5, 1865): 424-425.

 

6. *Eric Foner, The Story of American Freedom, (New York: Norton, 1998), p.107

 

7. * John G. Sproat, The Best Men: Liberal Reformers in the Gilded Age, Oxford University Press, (Oxford: 1968), p. 146.

 

8. “Democratic Nationality,” I (July 13, 1865): 39.

 

9. “The Duty of Impeachment,” (February 28, 1867): 170-172

 

10. III (October 18, 1866): 310-311

 

11. “The Crisis at Washington,” VI (February 27, 1868): 164-16

 

12. The Impeachment Trial,” VI (April 16, 1868), 305.

 

13. *Fred Kaplan, Henry James: The Imagination of Genius (New York: Open Road, 2013), p. 1868.

 

14. *William L. Armstrong, E.L. Godkin: A Biography (Albany: SUNY Press, 1978), p. 92.

 

15. I (Oct. 26, 1865): 527; “Spendthrifts and Prices,” (May 29, 1866): 681.

 

16. “The One Humanity,” Nation I (October 26, 1865): 521.

 

17. *Nancy Cohen, The Reconstruction of American Liberalism: 1865-1914 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), p. 12.

 

18. *John Richard Dennett, The South As It Is, (New York: Viking Press, 1965), p.x.

 

19. VI (May 21, 1868), 406.

 

20. VII (October 29, 1868), 3443.amazonaws.com/150/endnotes/2/1.pdf” style=”text-decoration:underline”>VII (October 29, 1868), 344.

 

21. “Women Suffrage in Michigan,” XVIII (May 14, 1874), 311-12.

 

22. XII (April 20, 1871): 270-272.

 

23. XVI (May 1, 1873): 296-297.

 

24. *Richard C. Sterne, “Political, Social and Literary Criticism in the Nation: 1865-1881, p. 98. PhD Thesis, Harvard University, 1957.

 

25. Ibid., p. 90

 

26. XVIII (January 29, 1874), 68.

 

27. IV (January 17, 1867): 50

 

28. VII (August 20, 1868): 144.

 

29. “The Week,” X (February 10, 1870): 83.

 

30. “The Week,” X (March 31, 1870): 199.

 

31. “The End at Last,” X (May 19, 1870): 314.

 

32. “A Republican Form of Government,” X (April 28, 1870): 266.

 

33. “The South,” XIII (December 7, 1871): 364.

 

34. “The Week,” XIII (August 3, 1871): 65-66.

 

35. “The Force Bill,” XII (April 20, 1871): 268-270.

 

36. “The Third Term,” XIX (October 8, 1874): 230-231.

 

37. “Socialism in South Carolina,” XVIII (April 16, 1874): 247-248.

 

38. “Twenty-one Years,” XXXXIII (July 8, 1886): 26.

 

39. * Sproat, The Best Men, pp. 35-36

 

40. “Who Are the Friends of Negro Suffrage?” XXIV (January 25, 1877): 53-5

 

41. * “Edwin Lawrence Godkin,” Literary Digest XXIV:22 (May 31, 1902): 730-731.

 

42. “The South and the Election,” XIV (November 14, 1872): 308.

 

43. “The Week,” V (July 4, 1867): 3.

 

44. * Sproat, The Best Men, p. 225.

 

45. * D.D. Guttenplan, “A Judicious Dose of Hemp: the Long Shadow of the Haymarket Bombing,” History Workshop Journal LXVII:1 (2009): 252-261

 

46. *Sproat, The Best Men, p. 204.

 

47. “Execution of the Anarchists,” (November 10, 1887), pp. 366-367.

 

48. “A Word to Social Philosophers,” XLV (November 17, 1887): 388.

 

49. “Communistic Morality, XII (June 15, 1871) 413-414.

 

50. XXV (August 2, 1877), 68-69

 

51. Ibid.

 

52. * E.L. Godkin, The Gilded Age Letters of E.L. Godkin, (Albany, SUNY Press: 1974), pp. 139, 141.

 

53. “Chromo-Civilization,” XIX (September 24, 1874): 201

 

54. *William L. Armstrong, E.L. Godkin, pp. 141-142

 

55. *Godkin, Letters, pp. 275-278.

 

56. *Armstrong, E.L. Godkin, pp. 148-156.

Chapter 3

 
1. *Richard C. Sterne, “Political, Social and Literary Criticism in the Nation: 1865-1881,” PhD Thesis, Harvard University, 1957, p. 133.

 

2. XXIII (July 6, 1876): 4-5

 

3. “The Cormorants and the Commune,” (September 9, 1880): 181.

 

4. “Cleveland’s Nomination,” (July 17, 1884): 46

 

5. *William L. Armstrong, E.L. Godkin: A Biography (Albany: SUNY Press, 1978), p. 156.

 

6. “The Week,” (October 16, 1884): 320.

 

7. * John G. Sproat, The Best Men: Liberal Reformers in the Gilded Age Oxford University Press, (Oxford: 1968), p. 135.

 

8. Barbara W. Tuchman, “The First Anti-Imperialists,” CCI (September 20, 1965): 77-82.

 

9. “The Week,” LXI (December 26, 1895):454-461.

 

10. “The Nation and the New Slavery,” LIX (July 12, 1894):22

 

11. Tuchman (as above)

 

12. http://radioopensource.org/james-vs-roosevelt-letters-to-the-crimson/

 

13. “Protectorates,” (January 21, 1869): 44-45.

 

14. “Hail Columbia,” LVI (February 23, 1893): 136.

 

15. * Armstrong, E.L. Godkin, p. 172, citing “Hawaii,” Evening Post, February 3, 1893.

 

16. “Hawaiian Annexation,” LXV (November 27, 1897): 410.

 

17. “Navalism,” LIV (Jan. 21, 1892): 44.

 

18. * see also “Naval Politics,” Evening Post, March 7, 1893.

 

19. “Fictitious War,” LVIII (Mar. 29, 1894): 225.

 

20. Tuchman (as above)

 

21. *For a more expansive discussion of this point see Myles Beaupre, “What are the Philippines going to do to Us?” E.L. Godkin on Democracy, Empire and Anti-Imperialism” Journal of American Studies 46(3): 711–727.

 

22. (March 3, 1898): 157

 

23. *Armstrong, p. 191, citing “The New Political Force,” Evening Post, April 30, 1898.

 

24. LXII (July 23, 1896): 62

 

25. *Tom Coffman, The Island Edge of America: A Political History of Hawai’i (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2003), p. 20.

 

26. “Peace and Indemnity,” LXVII (July 28, 1898): 64.

 

27. *Tuchman (as above)

 

28. “What to do with the Philippines,” LXVII (Oct. 6, 1898): 254.

 

29.      http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/poems_burden.htm
     

 

30. “The Pesky Anti-Imperialist,” LXXIV (May 8, 1902): 360-361.

 

31. “The Week,” X (February 10, 1870): 83.

 

32. *W.P. Garrison, “Dissolving Punctuation,” Atlantic Monthly, August 1906.

 

33. W.P. Garrison,” “Authority in Language,” LXXV (September 4, 1902): 186.

 

34. Richard Clark Sterne, “The Nation and its Century,” CCI (September 20, 1965): 51.

 

35. Viscount Bryce, “Two Editors,” CI (July 8, 1915): 41.

 

36. Henry Holt, “A Young Man’s Oracle,” CI (July 8, 1915): 45.

 

37. John Richard Dennett, “Knickerbocker Literature,” V (December 5, 1867): 459-461.

 

38. *Arthur C. Danto, introduction to Brushes With History: Writing on Art from The Nation, 1865-2001 (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2001), p. xxiii.

 

39. Alexander Laing, “The Nation and Its Poets,” CCI (September 20, 1965): 212-218.

 

40. *Writings of Charles Sanders Peirce, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003), VI, p. lxxv.

 

41. *Charles S. Peirce in Letters and Memorials of Wendell Phillips Garrison, (Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1908), p. 156.

 

42. * Writings of Charles Sanders Peirce, IV, p. 88.

 

43. http://library.brown.edu/cds/portraits/images/large_bp100.jpg

 

44. “The Week”, LXXXII (June 7, 1906): 460.

 

45. “Graft in Business,” LXXXII (May 31, 1906): 440.

 

46. http://www.newrepublic.com/article/104918/mr-more-and-the-mithraic-bull

 

47. *Brian Domitrovic, “Paul Elmer More: America’s Reactionary,” Modern Age, XLV:4 (Fall 2003).

 

48. *Henry F. Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1931), pp. 542-543

 

49. Fabian Franklin, “Whither is Roosevelt Drifting?”, CXI (September 10,
    Fabian Franklin, “Whither is Roosevelt Drifting?”, CXI (September 10, 1910): 233
50. http://www.thenation.com/article/oswald-villard-naacp-and-nation

 

51. *Richard Clark Sterne, “The Nation and its Century,” CCI (September 20, 1965): 272

Chapter 4

 
1. http://credo.library.umass.edu/view/pageturn/mums312-i0418/#page/1/mode/1up

 

2. *Michael Wreszin, Oswald Garrison Villard: Pacifist at War (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1965), p. 10.

 

3. *Oswald Garrison Villard, Fighting Years: Memoirs of a Liberal Editor (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1939), p. 21.

 

4. “The Cast Notion of Suffrage,” LXXVII (September 3, 1903): 182

 

5. http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/open-letter-to-woodrow-wilson/

 

6. XCVI (1913): 432.

 

7. XCVIII (1914): 151.

 

8. *Wreszin, Villard, p. 27.

 

9. *Eric Foner, The Story of American Freedom (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998), p. 153.

 

10. Anglo-Saxondom and World Peace,” XCVII (September 4, 1913): 203-204.

 

11. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MBsmwyOnTD0/U65wOAJqgrI/AAAAAAAAs2Y/54Vv_EEyvNE/s1600/Women%27s+Peace+Parade+in+New+York+City,+1914+%281%29.jpg [Fanny Villard is the woman in the white dress and black hat holding the banner on the left.]

 

12. *Wreszin, Villard, pp. 38-45.

 

13. Ibid., 50-51

 

14. *See Tabe Ritstert Bergman, “Polite Conquest?: ‘The New York Times’ and ‘The Nation’ on the American Occupation of Haiti,” Journal of Haitian Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Fall 2011), pp. 33-49, for a full analysis of US press response.

 

15. *Ronald Steele, Walter Lippmann and the American Century, (Boston: Little, Brown, 1980), pp. 101-115.

 

16. *Wreszin, Villard, p. 63.

 

17. Richard Clark Sterne, “The Nation and its Century,” CCI (September 20, 1965): 286.

 

18. *David Kairys, “Freedom of Speech,” in The Politics of Law (New York: Pantheon, 1982), pp. 140-171.

 

19. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29556

 

20. *Wreszin, Villard, pp. 84-86.

 

21. “The Week,” CVII (September 21, 1918): 307.

 

22. “Samuel Gompers,” CI (September 23, 1915): 380.

 

23. “The Week” and “The One Thing Needful,” CVII (September 14, 1918): 279, 283.

 

24. *Wreszin, Villard, pp. 97-98

 

25. Freda Kirchwey, “Memoir,” CCI (September 20, 1965): 27-35

 

26. William MacDonald, “The Madness at Versailles,” CVIII (May 17, 1919): 778-779.

 

27. Floyd Dell, “Can Men and Women Be Friends?” CXVIII (May 28, 1924): 605-606.

 

28. http://tabletmag.com/jewish-arts-and-culture/books/979/comeback-kid

 

29. *Wreszin, Villard, p. 150.

 

30. James Weldon Johnson, “Self-Determining Haiti,” CXI (August 28; September 4, 11, and 24, 1920) pp. 236-238, 265-267, 295-297, 345-347.

 

31. http://www.thenation.com/article/lenin-trotzky-and-gorky

 

32. Oswald Garrison Villard, “Russia Through a Car Window: The Spirit of the Government,” CXXIX (November 20, 1929), 576-578.

 

33. Oswald Garrison Villard, “The Soviets and the Future,” CXXIX (December 11, 1929): 712-714.

 

34. “Massachusetts the Murderer,” CXXV (August 31, 1927): 192-193.

 

35. William MacDonald, “Take Every Empty House,” CXI (August 28, 1920): 231-232.

 

36. *Wreszin, Villard, p. 235.

 

37. *Wreszin, Villard, pp. 4, 126, 196, 298 n.14.

 

38. http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/navasky-victor_oswald-garrison-villard-1990.html

Chapter 5

 
1. *For much of this chapter I am indebted to Sara Alpern, Freda Kirchwey: A Woman of The Nation, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), pp. 14, 79.

 

2. *Alpern, Kirchwey, pp. 27, 36-37.

 

3. Norman Thomas, “A Socialist Program For Banking,” March 22, 1933: 309

 

4. Abraham Epstein, “‘Social Security’ Under the New Deal,” CXLI (September 4, 1935): 261-263.

 

5. Paul Ward, “Roosevelt’s Hollow Triumph,” CXLI (September 11, 1935): 293.

 

6. *Michael Wreszin, Oswald Garrison Villard, p.268.

 

7. “The New Deal Ends,” CXLI (November 27, 1935): 609.

 

8. “Father Coughlin in the Garden,” CXL (June 5, 1935): 644.

 

9. Raymond Gram Swing, “The Buildup of Long and Coughlin,” CXL (March 20, 1935): 325-326.

  http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005201

 

10. “The Shape of Things,” CXLVII (October 22, 1938): 393-394.

 

11. Richard Clark Sterne, “The Nation and its Century,” CCI (September 20, 1965): 319-320.

 

12. “Moscow Trials,” (October 10, 1936): 409.

 

13. Leon Trotsky, “Revolutionary Interlude in France,” CXLIII (August 8,1936): 153-155.

 

14. Louis Fischer, “U.S.S.R. in 1936,” (October 10, 1936): 412-414.

 

15. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/ukra.html

 

16. Paul Y. Anderson, “If the Supreme Court Objects,” CXXXVII (July 19, 1933): 64.

 

17. “Purging the Court,” February 13, 1937: 173-174.

 

18. Oswald Garrison Villard, “What Is The Nation Coming To?” CXLIV (March 27, 1937): 352.

 

19. Maurice Wertheim, “The Nation and the Court,” CXLIV (April 10, 1937): 399-400.

 

20. Heywood Broun, “Is There a Nation?” CXLIV (April 17, 1937): 437.

 

21. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/van.5a52455/

 

22. *Alpern, Kirchwey, pp. 109-112.

 

23. *”The Press: Angel Steps Out,” Time, June 14, 1937.

 

24. http://www.unz.org/Pub/NewMasses-1937dec08-00008

 

25. Edmund Wilson, “Russia: Escape from Propaganda,” (November 13, 1939): 531-535.

 

26. Freda Kirchwey, “Russia and the World,” CXLV (November 13, 1937): 521.

 

27. “Yankee Communism,” (June 4, 1938): 632.

 

28. *D.D. Guttenplan, American Radical: The Life and Times of I.F. Stone (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2009), p. 111.

 

29. I.F. Stone, “1937 is Not 1914,” (November 6, 1937): 495-497.

 

30. Richard Clark Sterne, “The Nation and its Century,” CCI (September 20, 1965): 318.

 

31. Freda Kirchwey, “Red Totalitarianism,” (May 27, 1939): 605-606

 

32. “Manifesto,” (May 27, 1939): 626.

 

33. Freda Kirchwey, “And Rebuttal,” (June 17, 1939): 710-711.

 

34. “Russian Tragedy: Act III,” CXLVI (March 12, 1938): 288.

 

35. *Alpern, Kirchwey, p. 123.

 

36. “To All Active Supporters…” Letters to the Editor, (August 26, 1939): 228.

 

37. *Guttenplan, American Radical, pp. 147-150.

 

38. I.F. Stone, “Chamberlain’s Russo-German Pact,” (September 23, 1939): 313-316.

 

39. “With Organized Minorities Deluging,” (September 30, 1939): 335.

 

40. *Christopher Phelps, Young Sidney Hook: Marxist and Pragmatist (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), pp. 203-206.

 

41. Freda Kirchwey, “Moscow-Berlin Axis,” CXLIX (October 7, 1939): 365.

 

42. *Alpern, Fred Kirchwey, p. 127.

 

43. Freda Kirchwey, “By Fire and Sword,” (December 9, 1939): 639-640.

 

44. I.F. Stone, “The Finns at Geneva,” (December 16, 1939): 667-668.

 

45. Robert Bendiner, “Glossary for 1940,” (February 10, 1940): 187.

 

46. I.F. Stone, “F.D.R.’s First Task,” (August 23, 1941): 155-156.

 

47. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICy5P1pKy5A

 

48. Oswald Garrison Villard, “Valedictory,” CL (June 29, 1940): 782.

 

49. Reinhold Niebuhr, “An End to Illusions,” (June 29, 1940): 778-779.

 

50. *Wreszin, Oswald Garrison Villard, pp. 262, 265-268.

 

51. I.F. Stone, “War Comes to Washington,” (December 13, 1941).

 

52. Harold Ickes, “The Battle of Oil,” (August 1, 1942): 86-87.

 

53. Alexander Werth, “Russia Behind the Lines,” (April 18, 1942): 454-457.

 

54. Freda Kirchwey, “The Indian Dilemma,” (August 22, 1942): 144.

 

55. XXX, “Washington Gestapo,” (July 17, 1943): 64-66; (July 24, 1943): 92-95.

 

56. Freda Kirchwey, “Curb The Fascist Press!,” (March 28, 1942): 357-358.

 

57. I.F. Stone, “The Supreme Court and Racialism,” (December 30, 1944): 788-789.

 

58. “Jews and Refugees,” (May 20, 1939): 577.

 

59. “Let in the Refugees” (June 1, 1940): 669-670.

 

60. “Bring Them Out,” (June 29, 1940): 773.

 

61. Philip S. Bernstein, “The Jews of Europe: The Remnants of a People,” (January 2, 1943): 8-9.

 

62. Freda Kirchwey, “While the Jews Die,” (March 13, 1943): 366-367.

 

63. Alpern, Freda Kirchwey, pp. 167-168, 281 n.25.

 

64. Freda Kirchwey, “The End of an Era,” (April 24, 1945): 429-430.

 

65. Freda Kirchwey, “One World or None,” (August 18, 1945): 150.

 

66. J. King Gordon, “The Bomb is a World Affair,” (November 24, 1945): 542.

 

67. Walter Duranty, “The Soviets Clean House,” (November 2, 1946): 499-500.

 

68. “Letters to the Editor,” (June 2, 1945): 631.

 

69. *D.D. Guttenplan, “Introduction” to I.F. Stone, Underground to Palestine: And Other Writing from Israel and the Middle East, (New York: Open Road, 2015).

 

70. Freda Kirchwey, “Liberals Beware,” (April 5, 1947): 385.

 

71. *Alpern, Freda Kirchwey, pp. 195-199.

 

72. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015028745217;view=1up;seq=3

 

73. Paul Blanshard, “The Catholic Church in Medicine,” (November 1, 1947): 466.

 

74. Paul Blanshard, “The Catholic Church and Education,” (November 15, 1947): 525-528.

 

75. Louise S. Robbins, The Dismissal of Miss Ruth Brown: Civil Rights, Censorship, and the American Library, (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001), p. 55.

 

76. *”The Nation Censors a Letter,” The New Leader, XXXIV (March 19, 1951): 17-18.

 

77. “Letters to the Editors,” (July 7, 1951): 20.

 

78. Freda Kirchwey, “Why The Nation Sued,” (June 2, 1951): 505.

 

79. *Interview with Andrew Roth, London, November 18, 2004. See also Robert P. Newman, Owen Lattimore and the “Loss” of China, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992). P. 128.

 

80. *Quoted in Peter Viereck, “Sermons of Self-Destruction,” Saturday Review of Literature, XXXIV (August 18, 1951): 39-40.

 

81. *Arthur Schlesinger Jr., “History of the Week,” New York Post, September 2, 1951, cited in Victor S. Navasky, Naming Names (New York: 1980), pp. 52-53.

 

82. I.F. Stone, “Class Conflict—Sunkist Style,” (August 5, 1939): 150-151.

 

83. https://archive.org/details/witchhuntrevival00mcwi

 

84. The Nation, (June 28, 1952): 611.

Chapter 6

 
1. *Dan Wakefield, New York in the 50s, (New York: St. Martins, 1999), pp.

 

2. * For much of the material in this chapter, I am indebted to Carey McWilliams, The Education of Carey McWilliams (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978).

 

3. *Peter Richardson, American Prophet: The Life and Work of Carey McWilliams, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005), pp. 126-127.

 

4. “Honorable in All Things,” Carey McWilliams Oral History, UCLA, http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2m3nb08v/

 

5. *McWilliams, p. 145.

 

6. *Alan Wald’s indispensable New York Intellectuals (1987) remains by far the best guide to the political landscape of the 1930s, ’40s and ’50s.

 

7. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/the-liberals-who-havent-learned-why-the-soviet-illusion-still-lingers/

 

8. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/witch-hunt-the-revival-of-heresy-by-carey-mcwilliams/

 

9. *The New Leader, August 27, 1951.

 

10. “P.C.A.’s Quixotic Politics,” (December 27, 1947): 693.

 

11. “The Shape of Things,” (March 6, 1948): 261.

 

12. Robert Bendiner, “The Case Against Wallace,” (March 6, 1948): 279-280.

 

13. Freda Kirchwey, “Wallace: Prophet or Politician?,” (January 10, 1948): 29

 

14. Freda Kirchwey, “A Word to Mr. Wallace,” (March 13, 1948): 294.

 

15. *Sara Alpern, Freda Kirchwey: A Woman of The Nation, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), pp. 217-219; also McWilliams, The Education of Carey McWilliams, p. 153.

 

16. Mark Gayn, “The Purges: Villains and Scapegoats,” (February 7, 1953): 117-119.

 

17. Freda Kirchwey, “Why the Jews?” (January 31, 1953): 92-93.

 

18. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/%E2%80%9Ccivil-liberties%E2%80%9D-1952%E2%80%94a-study-in-confusiondo-we-defend-our-rights-by-protecting-communists/

 

19. The Nation, (June 28, 1952).

 

20. *Richard Rovere, “How Free is The Nation?” The New Leader (July 14, 1952), pp. 12-14; Time (July 21, 1952).

 

21. McWilliams Oral History.

 

22. *McWilliams, The Education of…, p. 150.

 

23. Carey McWilliams, (September 20, 1965): 21-26.

 

24. Andrew Roth, “Iran’s New Strong Man,” (September 5, 1953): 192-193.

 

25. J. Alvarez Del Vayo, “Aggression is the Word,” (June 26, 1954): 537-538.

 

26. http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CB0QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foia.cia.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocument_conversions%2F89801%2FDOC_0000921175.pdf&ei=DLavVPuMHczPaJW0gLAG&usg=AFQjCNGwNbEqpzidJaEGL6PuXKwrERJgCQ&bvm=bv.83339334,d.d2s

 

27. *Hal Draper, “The Imperialist Apologetics of Max Lerner,” Labor Action, (November 8, 1954), p.6.

 

28. *Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer, Bitter Fruit: The Story of an American Coup in Guatemala (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 89-90.

 

29. Christopher Lasch, “The Cultural Cold War,” (September 11, 1967): 198-212.

 

30. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1967/mar/23/the-big-fix/

 

31. “The Southern Negro,” September 27, 1952.

 

32. *McWilliams, The Education…, p. 205.

 

33. W.E.B. Du Bois, “The Hosts of Black Labor,” (May 9, 1923): 539-541.

 

34. William Pickens, “Jim Crow in Texas,” (August 15, 1923): 155-156.

 

35. Walter White,” “Negro Segregation Comes North,” (October 21, 1925): 458-460.

 

36. E. Franklin Frazier, “The Negro and ‘His Place’,” (April 3, 1943): 496-497.

 

37. Loren Miller, “A Right Secured,” (May 29, 1948): 599-600.

 

38. I.F. Stone, “Capital Notes,” (April 10, 1943): 511-513.

 

39. Langston Hughes, “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain,” (June 23, 1926): 692-694.

 

40. James Baldwin, “Maxim Gorki as Artist,” (April 12, 1947): 427-428.

 

41. Dan Wakefield, “Justice in Sumner,” (October 1, 1955): 284-285.

 

42. Dan Wakefield, “Respectable Racism,” (October 22, 1955): 339-341.

 

43. Clifford Durr, “How to Measure Loyalty,” (April 23, 1949): 470-472.

 

44. Carey McWilliams, “Miracle in Alabama,” (March 3, 1956): 169.

 

45. McWilliams Oral History.

 

46. Alton Ochsner, “Lung Cancer: The Case Against Smoking,” (May 23, 1953): 431-432.

 

47. *George Seldes, Facts and Fascism (New York: In Fact, 1943), pp. 268-273.

 

48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145444/

 

49. Ralph Nader, “The Safe Car You Can’t Buy,” (April 11, 1959): 310-313.

 

50. Ralph Nader, “The Corvair Story,” (November 1, 1965): 295-301.

 

51. McWilliams, The Education…, pp. 213-214.

 

52. Fred J. Cook, “Capital Punishment: Does It Prevent Crime?” (March 10, 1956): 194-198.

 

53. Fred J. Cook, “Hiss: New Perspectives on the Strangest Case of our Time,” (September 21, 1957): 142-180.

 

54. Fred J. Cook, “The FBI,” (October 18, 1958).

 

55. Fred J. Cook and Gene Gleason, “The Shame of New York,” (October 31, 1959).

 

56. Fred J. Cook, “The CIA,” (June 24, 1961)

 

57. Matthew Josephson, “The Big Guns,” (January 14, 21, and 29, 1956).

 

58. Richard Cloward and Frances Fox Piven, “A Strategy to End Poverty,” (May 2, 1966): 510-517.

 

59. Patrick J. Buchanan, “The Pen That Just Grew,” (November 10, 1964): 355-356.

 

60. *McWilliams, The Education of…, p. 220.

 

61. William W. Turner, “Crime is Too Big for the FBI,” (November 8, 1965): 322-328.

 

62. Victor Marchetti, “CIA: The President’s Loyal Tool,” (April 3, 1972): 430-433.

 

63. McWilliams Oral History.

 

64. Jacob Bronowski, “Science and Human Values” (December 29, 1956): 550-567.

 

65. Raymond Williams, “The Culture of Politics,” (January 3, 1959): 10-12.

 

66. Barton Bernstein, “The Limitations of Pluck,” (January 8, 1973): 38-41.

 

67. Eric Hobsbawm, “Goliath and the Guerrilla,” (July 19, 1965): 33-38.

 

68. William A. Williams, “The Outdoor Mind,” (October 30, 1954): 384-385.

 

69. Howard Zinn, “Finishing School for Pickets” (August 6, 1960): 71-73.

 

70. Bruce Catton, “Red Herring—and White: The Great Crusade Picks Up,” (November 28, 1953): 445-447.

 

71. Robert Sherrill, “Portrait of a Super Patriot,” (February 24, 1964): 182-195.

 

72. William W. Morris, “Mississippi Rebel. On a Texas Campus,” (March 24, 1956).

 

73. McWilliams, The Education of …, pp. 235-236.

 

74. Hunter S. Thompson, “Losers and Outsiders,” (May 17, 1965): 522-526.

 

75. Henrique Galvão, (April 15, 1961): 315-332.

 

76. Carleton Beals, “The New Machado in Cuba,” (August 7, 1935): 152-154.

 

77. Carleton Beals, “Revolution Without Generals,” (January 17, 1959): 43-46.

 

78. *For a brilliant, vivid evocation of that whole period see Van Gosse, Where the Boys Are: Cuba, Cold War America and the Making of a New Left (New York: Verso, 1993), passim.

 

79. *John F. Kennedy, The Strategy of Peace (New York: Harper, 1960), pp. 167-168.

 

80. Eqbal Ahmad, “How to Tell When the Rebels Have Won,” (August 30, 1965): 95-100.

 

81. Bernard Fall, “Solution in Indo-China: Cease-Fire, Negotiate,” (March 6, 1954): 193-195.

 

82. Ted Koppel, “WHAM,” (June 26, 1967):812-13.

 

83. Mike Wallace, “The Deserters,” (June 26, 1967): 811-812.

 

84. McWilliams Oral History.

 

85. *McWilliams, The Education of …, p. 278.

 

86. McWilliams Oral History.

 

87. Peter de Lissovoy, “Gambler’s Choice in Georgia,” (June 22, 1964): 618-621.

 

88. Jack Newfield, “The Student Left,” (May 10, 1965): 491-495.

 

89. Carey McWilliams, “A Personal Note,” (September 20, 1965): 21-27.

Chapter 7

 
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=butZyxI-PRs

 

2. “Presented by Xerox,” December 27, 1975, pp. 677-678.

 

3. *Victor S. Navasky, A Matter of Opinion, (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2005), pp. 138-139.

 

4. *Interview with Victor Navasky, January 17, 2015.

 

5. “Pros and Progressives,” July 9, 1960, pp. 24-26.

 

6. *”Hoax of Horror? A Book That Shook White House,” U.S. News & World Report, November 20, 1967.

 

7. *Herschel McLandress, “News of War and Peace You’re Not Ready For,” Book World, November 26, 1967, p. 5.

 

8. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/01/business/onetime-political-satire-becomes-a-right-wing-rage-and-a-hot-internet-item.html

 

9. *A much fuller account of all these events—and much else in this chapter—can be found in A Matter of Opinion.

 

10. http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1975/04/27/issue.html

 

11. *Interview with Hamilton Fish, January 19, 2015.

 

12. Calvin Trillin, “Variations,” (April 1, 1978): 354, 358.

 

13. *Interview with Victor Navasky.

 

14. *Navasky, A Matter of Opinion, pp. 179-182.

 

15. *Navasky, A Matter of Opinion, pp. 141-142.

 

16. Edmund White, “A Fantasia on Black Suffering,” (September 18, 1976): 247-249.

 

17. Victor Navasky, “The Case Not Proved Against Alger Hiss,” (April 8, 1978): 393-401.

 

18. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aeYDAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA9&ots=qgie4zbN1S&dq=%22Writers%20Congress%22%20%22The%20Nation%22&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q=%22Writers%20Congress%22%20%22The%20Nation%22&f=false

 

19. http://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/10/arts/writers-congress-opens-with-calls-for-solidarity.html

 

20. Susan Sontag, “Communism and the Left,” (February 27, 1982): 229-231.

 

21. *I.F. Stone, “The Polish Election and Ibn Saud’s Tender Feelings,” I.F. Stone’s Weekly, January 28, 1957, p.4. Can be downloaded at http://www.ifstone.org/weekly_searchable.php

 

22. Stanley Cooperman, “Of War and Man,” (July 23, 1955): 80.

 

23. http://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/24/books/susan-sontag-past-present-and-future.html

 

24. Maria Margaronis and Elizabeth Pochoda, “Bad Manners and Bad Faith,” (February 1, 1986): 116-119.

 

25. Neier and Hitchens, “Comment” (February 27, 1982): 236-237.

 

26. https://corbinhiar.wordpress.com/2009/04/24/kai-bird-the-nations-foreign-editor/

 

27. Christopher Hitchens, “Israel and the American Left,” (December 5, 1981): 605-611.

 

28. Kopkind, “Comment” (February 27, 1982): 234-235.

 

29. Sontag, “Reply” (February 27, 1982): 237.

 

30. *Andrew Kopkind, “The Dialectic of Disco: Gay Music Goes Straight,” The Village Voice, February 12, 1978, p.1.

 

31. *Navasky, A Matter of Opinion, p. 193.

 

32. *Interview with Victor Navasky.

 

33. http://www.thenation.com/authors/daniel-singer

 

34. E.P. Thompson, “A Letter to America,” January 24, 1981.

 

35. Kai Bird, “Myths of the Middle East,” December 5, 1981.

 

36. http://www.thenation.com/authors/herman-schwartz

 

37. http://www.thenation.com/authors/stephen-f-cohen

Chapter 8

 
1. *Interview with Katrina vanden Heuvel, February 2, 2015.

 

2. *Katrina vanden Heuvel, “A Global Challenge,” New York Times, June 7, 1980, p.19.

 

3. Katrina vanden Heuvel, “The Non-Selling of Détente,” (September 26, 1981): 272-274.

 

4. Katrina vanden Heuvel, “No Free Speech at Radio Liberty,” (December 7, 1985): 612-614.

 

5. Kevin Coogan and Katrina vanden Heuvel, “U.S. Funds for Soviet Dissidents,” (March 7, 1987): 273-277

 

6. “Gorbachev’s Soviet Union,” (June 13, 1987), entire issue.

 

7. Stephen F. Cohen and Katrina vanden Heuvel, Voices of Glasnost, (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991).

 

8. “Looking Ahead at the United States,” (March 22, 1986)

 

9. *”Editor’s Note,” in Katrina vanden Heuvel, ed., The Nation: 1865-1990 (New York: Thunder’s Mouth

 

10. *Katrina vanden Heuvel, “Introduction,” The Change I Believe In (New York: Nation Books, 2011), p. xiii.

 

11. *Victor S. Navasky, A Matter of Opinion, (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2005), p. 331.

 

12. The Nation, (July 4, 1994): entire issue.

 

13. *Andrew Sullivan, “The Politics of Homosexuality,” The New Republic, May 10, 1993.

 

14. Patricia J. Williams, “Among Moses’s Bridge-Builders,” (May 23, 1994): 694-698.

 

15. Patricia J. Williams, “America and the Simpson Trial,” (March 13, 1995): 337-340.

 

16. “The National Entertainment State” (June 3, 1996): entire issue.

 

17. Jonathan Schell, “The Gift of Time,” (February 2, 1998): 9-60.

 

18. Alexander Cockburn, “Beat the Devil,” (November 9, 1992): 530-531.

 

19. Alexander Cockburn, “Beat the Devil,” (March 22, 1993): 366-367.

 

20. Noam Chomsky, “Notes of NAFTA: The Masters of Mankind,” (March 29, 1993): 412-416

 

21. “The People vs. The WTO,” (December 6, 1999): 3-4.

 

22. William Greider, “Global Agenda,” (January 31, 2000): 11-16.

 

23. Doug Henwood, “Whose Trade?,” (December 6, 1999): 11-17.

 

24. *Interview with Katrina vanden Heuvel.

 

25. E. Ethelbert Miller, “The One Question Interview With Katrina vanden Heuvel,” http://eethelbertmiller1.blogspot.co.uk/2015_02_01_archive.html#4422520552920156633

 

26. “Impeachment Juggernaut,” (October 26, 1998): 3.

 

27. Gore Vidal, “Coup de Starr,” (October 26, 1998): 6.

 

28. Vincent Bugliosi, “None Dare Call It Treason,” (February 5, 2001):11-19

 

29. *Katrina vanden Heuvel, “Foreword,” A Just Response: The Nation on Terrorism, Democracy and September 11, 2001 (New York: Nation Books, 2002), p. xi.

 

30. The Nation (October 1, 2001): entire issue.

 

31. Hitchens, “Minority Report” (October 8, 2001): 8.

 

32. Robert Fisk, “Terror in America,” (October 8, 2001): 7.

 

33. “A Just Response,” (October 8, 2001): entire issue.

 

34. http://www.thenation.com/article/put-out-no-flags

 

35. http://www.thenation.com/article/reply-hitchens

 

36. *vanden Heuvel, “Foreword,” A Just Response, p. xiii.

 

37. Eric Alterman, “Republic Opinion,” (June 29, 1998):10.

 

38. http://www.thenation.com.569eldb01.blackmesh.com/blog/talk-about-smear-merchant

 

39. http://www.thenation.com/authors/chris-hayes

 

40. http://www.thenation.com/authors/david-corn

 

41. http://www.thenation.com/authors/melissa-harris-perry

 

42. http://www.washingtonpost.com/katrina-vanden-heuvel/2011/02/24/ABMj4XN_page.html

 

43. Adam Shatz, “The Left and 9/11,” (September 23, 2002): 26-32.

 

44. Adam Shatz, “A Friendly Nod to B-52s,” (July 29/August 5, 1996): 25-28.

 

45. “An Open Letter to the Members of Congress,” (October 14, 2002), pp. 3-5.

 

46. Christopher Hitchens, “Taking Sides,” (October 14, 2002):

 

47. Interview with Katrina vanden Heuvel.

 

48. Jonathan Schell, “The Case Against the War,” (February 13, 2003): 11-23.

 

49. *vanden Heuvel, “Foreword,” A Just Response, p. xiii.

 

50. Jeremy Scahill, “Inside Baghdad,” (April 7, 2003): 11-13.

 

51. http://www.thenation.com/article/blood-thicker-blackwater

 

52. Christian Parenti, “Afghanistan: The Other War,” (March 27, 2006): 11-18.

 

53. Naomi Klein, “Shameless in Iraq,” (July 12, 2004): 14.

 

54. Naomi Klein, “Bring Halliburton Home,” (November 24, 2003): 10.

 

55. Naomi Klein, “You Break It, You Pay For It,” (January 10, 2005): 12.

 

56. http://www.thenation.com/article/democrats-and-war

 

57. Christian Parenti, “The Big Easy Dies Hard,” (September 26, 2005): 6-30.

 

58. Naomi Klein, “Needed: A People’s Reconstruction,” (September 26, 2005): 12

 

59. Adolph Reed Jr., “Class-ifying the Hurricane,” (October 3, 2005):

 

60. Mike Davis, “Who Is Killing New Orleans?” (April 10, 2006): 11-20.

 

61. Rebecca Solnit, “The Lower Ninth Battles Back,” (September 10, 2007): 13-17

 

62. A.C. Thompson, “Katrina’s Hidden Race War,” (January 5, 2009): 11-18.

 

63. http://www.thenation.com/article/upheaval-new-york-public-library

 

64. http://www.thenation.com/article/nypl-shelves-plan-gut-central-library

 

65. http://www.thenation.com/article/patriotic-heresy-vs-new-cold-war

 

66. “The New Inequality,” (June 30, 2008): entire issue

Afterword

   
1. *Henry James, Roderick Hudson, “Preface to Volume One of the New York Edition.i”

   

2. http://new.livestream.com/schomburgcenter/thirdreconstruction/videos/73874844