Stick Out Your Tongue.
By Ma Jian. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 93 pp. $16.

When Ma Jian traveled to Tibet in 1985, he discovered that amid extreme poverty and hardship, "the hostility the Tibetans felt towards their Chinese occupiers" was palpable, and that "in the thin mountain air, it was hard to distinguish fact from fantasy." The stories that came out of that trip were published in the Beijing journal People's Literature and attracted the attention of the Chinese government, which had embarked on a crusade against "bourgeois liberalism." Ma was tarred as a dissident, and his work was denounced as "pornography"; his friends were interrogated; his editor was fired. But one year after the American publication of Ma's novel The Noodle Maker, those earlier stories are finally available in English as Stick Out Your Tongue. (Red Dust, Ma's story of a journey through China's remote provinces, won the Thomas Cook Travel Award in 2002.)

Stick Out Your Tongue is more earnest than The Noodle Maker, which displayed Ma's macabre sense of humor and his biting critique of human greed and hypocrisy. The stories are characteristically spare and keenly attentive to detail--particularly bodily detail. In "The Woman and the Blue Sky," Ma witnesses a "sky burial," in which the body of the deceased is carved up and fed to hawks and vultures. "Her right leg was soon reduced to bone," he writes. "With her belly squashed to the ground, sticky fluid began to trickle from between her thighs." Ma is a clear and careful observer of life on the steppe ("maggots wriggling through a pat of yak dung"); his prose is slow and hypnotic, but never mystical. He strives for that most radical of literary goals: to use characters not to express political beliefs, not to trumpet an ideology, but to communicate the living, breathing mess of real life, with all its contradictions. Ma does not write heroes or villains, just people struggling each day to survive.    --CS

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