The Optical Unconscious

By Arthur C. Danto

This article appeared in the June 6, 2005 edition of The Nation.

May 19, 2005

It is difficult not to wonder how Mayor Giuliani's decency committee might have dealt with Max Ernst's The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus Before Three Witnesses: A.B., P.E. and the Artist, on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Ernst retrospective through July 10, had some whistleblower from the Christian Coalition solicited the mayor's opinion of the painting. The enthroned Virgin has been spanking the Holy Boy's bare bottom vigorously enough to have knocked His halo to the ground, while three avant-gardists--the writer and theorist André Breton, the poet Paul Éluard and Ernst himself--coolly avert their eyes from the scene, which somehow has not been depicted in canonical narratives of Jesus's childhood. New York has been spared the all-too-familiar scenario of pious poster bearers, outraged politicians, defenders of artistic freedom citing the First Amendment, and the learned presence of art historians, theologians and perhaps psychologists explaining to viewers of The Charlie Rose Show that the Holy Boy, in the nature of His humanity, must more than once have tried his Mom's patience. But I doubt Ernst would have been pleased by the somber spirit of cultural duty and aesthetic appraisal with which his art is being approached at the Met. No one loved a good public dust-up more than Ernst and his Dadaist comrades, who used art to assail a society they held responsible for the pointless slaughter of millions in World War I.

In his Notes pour une biographie, Ernst wrote:

The Dadas shared the desire to denounce mercilessly the infernal conditions which idiotic patriotism, supported by human stupidity, had imposed upon the era in which they were condemned to live. France's military victory was as odious to the Dadas of Paris as Germany's military defeat was warmly cheered by Dadas on either side of the Rhine.

Subscriber Login

4 ISSUES FREE

Subscribe Now!

The only way to read this article and the full contents of each week's issue of The Nation online is by subscribing to the magazine. Subscribe now and read this article -- and every article published since for the past five years -- right now.

There's no obligation -- try The Nation for four weeks free.

.

About Arthur C. Danto

The Nation's art critic since 1984, Arthur Danto is also Columbia University's Johnsonian Professor of Philosophy. His numerous book credits include the 1990 National Book Critics Circle Award winner Encounters and Reflections: Art in the Historical Present and The Madonna of the Future: Essays in a Pluralistic Art World (2000). more...
Most Read

Issues »

Most Emailed

Issues »

Popular Topics

Blogs

» State of Change

What Can YOU do for your country? | Rising college costs and fewer jobs for young workers have young people turning to service.Whether spurred by the economic downturn or inspired by Obama himself, we could see a new generation of commitment to public work.
Cora Currier
Posted 23 minutes ago

» The Dreyfuss Report

Obama's Gaffe on India | He ought to be urging India to talk to Pakistan, not cross the border to "catch" the bad guys.
Robert Dreyfuss

» Editor's Cut

Bread, Bombs, and the Big Stimulus | We need a smart and focused inside-outside strategy to revive our frayed social compact -- now more critical than ever.
Katrina vanden Heuvel

» The Beat

Grijalva for Interior Secretary | Obama's considering an outstanding prospect for an important position.
John Nichols

» And Another Thing

Can you help "Nickie"? | Bringing the abortion debate down to earth
Katha Pollitt

» The Notion

DC to Delhi: Only Our Missiles -- Not Yours | What is Rice going to say to India: only DC not Delhi is allowed to bomb Pakistan?
Laura Flanders

» Act Now!

World AIDS Day | How to help in the fight against the AIDS pandemic.
Peter Rothberg

» Passing Through

Forget GM's Plan -- Where's The Government's Plan? | Create a demand for green cars.
Jane Hamsher

» Capitolism

Is Personnel Policy? | How much do personnel choices reflect the Obama administration's policy direction
Christopher Hayes