Abstract

Junius Scales
December 30, 1961 issue

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Junius Scales was the guinea pig in the test case in which the U.S. Department of Justice established, by a bare 5 to 4 margin in the Supreme Court, the Constitutionality of that section of the Smith Act which makes it a crime merely to be a member of an organization, "knowing" that it advocates the overthrow of the government by force and violence. He was not charged with having advocated the forbidden doctrine himself, much less with committing any acts designed to put it into effect. Indeed, at least four of the jurors who convicted him say that "there was no evidence of any act of violence committed by himself, or that he himself urged anyone to commit any acts of violence against the government."

See Also:

GUINEA pigs; UNITED States. Dept. of Justice; UNITED States. Supreme Court; VIOLENCE; GUINEA; UNITED States
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